{"id":57221,"date":"2026-08-31T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/format30.com\/?p=57221"},"modified":"2026-08-28T09:52:26","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T08:52:26","slug":"comment-definir-des-categories-logiques-pour-mieux-penser","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/format30.com\/en\/2026\/08\/31\/comment-definir-des-categories-logiques-pour-mieux-penser\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment d\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories logiques pour mieux penser ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Comment d\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories logiques pour mieux penser ? Nous ne nous en rendons plus compte parce que nous le faisons constamment. Mais grouper des \u00e9l\u00e9ments selon diverses cat\u00e9gories ne va pas de soi. Cela s&rsquo;apprend. Et cela d\u00e9pend de votre culture. J&rsquo;ouvre une nouvelle s\u00e9rie d\u00e9di\u00e9e aux cartes argumentaires avec cet article sur l&rsquo;art de grouper les \u00e9l\u00e9ments selon des cat\u00e9gories judicieuses.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-circular\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/google.com\/preferences\/source?q=format30.com\">Make us one of your favourite sources!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-time-to-read\">7\u201310 minutes<\/div>\n\n<nav aria-label=\"Table of Contents\" class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents\"><ol><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"#pourquoi-definir-des-categories\">Pourquoi d\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories ?<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"#comment-definir-des-categories-logiques\">Comment d\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories logiques ?<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"#definir-des-categories-c-est-creer-une-vision-du-monde\">D\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories c&#039;est cr\u00e9er une vision du monde<\/a><ol><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"#classifier-les-animaux-au-moyen-age\">Classifier les animaux au Moyen Age<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"#classement-des-animaux-domestiques\">Classement des animaux domestiques<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"#d-ou-viennent-ces-categories-qui-definissent-notre-vision-du-monde\">D&#039;o\u00f9 viennent ces cat\u00e9gories qui d\u00e9finissent notre vision du monde ?<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"#definir-des-categories-premier-stade-de-la-pensee-logique\">D\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories : premier stade de la pens\u00e9e logique<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">J&rsquo;entame avec cet article, <strong>une s\u00e9rie sur les cartes argumentaires<\/strong>, un outil peu connu et pratiquement pas utilis\u00e9 en francophonie. Alors qu&rsquo;il permet \u00e0 la fois : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>d&rsquo;enseigner la pens\u00e9e logique et critique <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>d&rsquo;aider les d\u00e9cideurs d&rsquo;entreprise \u00e0 prendre les bonnes d\u00e9cisions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nous pr\u00e9voyons de lancer des formations pour particuliers, \u00e9coles et entreprises dans les prochains mois. Si vous souhaitez \u00eatre inform\u00e9.e du d\u00e9marrage de ces formations, cliquez sur le bouton ci-dessous :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-1710e208 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/en\/tenez-moi-informe-e\/\">Je suis int\u00e9ress\u00e9.e<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comment d\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories logiques pour classer des \u00e9l\u00e9ments en groupes et en sous-groupes ? Cela nous para\u00eet aller de soi, \u00e0 nous enseignants et formateurs. Et bien, non ! Cela s&rsquo;apprend. Et c&rsquo;est tr\u00e8s important. J&rsquo;ai cr\u00e9\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/rationaleonline.com\/map\/haf9pj\/limportance-de-grouper-les-elements\">cette carte argumentaire <\/a>avec Rationale, pour explorer la notion de cat\u00e9gorie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Carte-argumentaire-limportance-de-grouper-les-elements-en-categories.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"707\" data-attachment-id=\"57226\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/en\/carte-argumentaire-limportance-de-grouper-les-elements-en-categories\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Carte-argumentaire-limportance-de-grouper-les-elements-en-categories.jpg?fit=1000%2C707&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1000,707\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Carte argumentaire &amp;#8211; l&amp;rsquo;importance de grouper les \u00e9l\u00e9ments en cat\u00e9gories\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Carte argumentaire r\u00e9alis\u00e9e avec le logiciel Rationale sur l&amp;rsquo;importance des cat\u00e9gories dans le raisonnement logique&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Carte argumentaire Rationale sur l&amp;rsquo;importance des cat\u00e9gories en raisonnement logique&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Carte-argumentaire-limportance-de-grouper-les-elements-en-categories.jpg?fit=1000%2C707&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Carte-argumentaire-limportance-de-grouper-les-elements-en-categories.jpg?resize=1000%2C707&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Carte argumentaire : grouper par cat\u00e9gories\" class=\"wp-image-57226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Carte-argumentaire-limportance-de-grouper-les-elements-en-categories.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Carte-argumentaire-limportance-de-grouper-les-elements-en-categories.jpg?resize=300%2C212&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Carte-argumentaire-limportance-de-grouper-les-elements-en-categories.jpg?resize=768%2C543&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Carte-argumentaire-limportance-de-grouper-les-elements-en-categories.jpg?resize=18%2C12&amp;ssl=1 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Carte argumentaire Rationale sur l&rsquo;importance des cat\u00e9gories en raisonnement logique<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vous pouvez t\u00e9l\u00e9charger cette carte argumentaire au format PDF en cliquant sur le bouton ci-dessous :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-c25cefa1-447d-4f5d-9d5f-5a8fec5061e7\" href=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Carte-argumentaire-limportance-de-grouper-les-elements-en-categories.pdf\">Carte argumentaire &#8211; l&rsquo;importance de grouper les \u00e9l\u00e9ments en cat\u00e9gories<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Carte-argumentaire-limportance-de-grouper-les-elements-en-categories.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-c25cefa1-447d-4f5d-9d5f-5a8fec5061e7\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"pourquoi-definir-des-categories\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pourquoi d\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parce que c&rsquo;est la premi\u00e8re op\u00e9ration logique. C&rsquo;est en <strong>divisant le monde en cat\u00e9gories que nous lui donnons du sens<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans son livre sur Coluche, Jean-Louis Fabiani souligne qu&rsquo;une des raisons pour lesquelles le narrateur du sketch \u00ab\u00a0<strong>C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;histoire d&rsquo;un mec<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb n&rsquo;arrive pas au bout de son histoire, c&rsquo;est parce qu&rsquo;il est incapable de cr\u00e9er des cat\u00e9gories pertinentes : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>Il \u00e9choue \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des cat\u00e9gories, car leur distinction logique est obscurcie par la confusion du langage.<\/p><cite>Jean-Louis Fabiani, Coluche, Paris, La D\u00e9couverte, 2026, (Rep\u00e8res : Sociologie), p. 43.<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Chjhu1fZ2sU?version=3&enablejsapi=1#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-GB&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nous touchons ici \u00e0 deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments importants de la pens\u00e9e critique : <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pouvoir <strong>d\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories logiques<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> <strong>ma\u00eetriser le langage<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Car nous pensons de mani\u00e8re logique avec des mots. Et notamment, avec des \u00ab\u00a0<strong>articulateurs logiques<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire, des mots qui illustrent les relations logiques entre les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d&rsquo;une phrase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"comment-definir-des-categories-logiques\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comment d\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories logiques ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quels sont ces articulateurs logiques ? Et comment nous aident-ils \u00e0 rep\u00e9rer les cat\u00e9gories logiques du discours ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Cartes-argumentaires-articulateurs-logiques.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-attachment-id=\"57269\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/en\/2026\/08\/31\/comment-definir-des-categories-logiques-pour-mieux-penser\/cartes-argumentaires-articulateurs-logiques\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Cartes-argumentaires-articulateurs-logiques.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,675\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Cartes argumentaires &amp;#8211; articulateurs logiques\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Cartes-argumentaires-articulateurs-logiques.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Cartes-argumentaires-articulateurs-logiques.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"D\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories : exemple de groupement avec Rationale - quelques articulateurs logiques.\" class=\"wp-image-57269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Cartes-argumentaires-articulateurs-logiques.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Cartes-argumentaires-articulateurs-logiques.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Cartes-argumentaires-articulateurs-logiques.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Cartes-argumentaires-articulateurs-logiques.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Cartes-argumentaires-articulateurs-logiques.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Grouper et d\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories : quelques articulateurs logiques<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vous pouvez t\u00e9l\u00e9charger cette carte au format PDF en cliquat sur le bouton ci-dessous : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-aa75b9c6-21ba-4672-be31-0ac483fbb62c\" href=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/grouper-quelques-articulateurs-logiques.pdf\">grouper-quelques-articulateurs-logiques<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/grouper-quelques-articulateurs-logiques.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-aa75b9c6-21ba-4672-be31-0ac483fbb62c\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces articulateurs logiques nous permettent <strong>de discerner les cat\u00e9gories du langage<\/strong> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1.<\/strong> <strong>Addition <\/strong>: ajouter une id\u00e9e\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1.<\/strong> Et<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2.<\/strong> De plus<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>3.<\/strong> En outre<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>4.<\/strong> Aussi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>5.<\/strong> Encore<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2.<\/strong> <strong>Cons\u00e9quence <\/strong>: le r\u00e9sultat dune action\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1.<\/strong> Donc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2.<\/strong> Alors<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>3.<\/strong> Par cons\u00e9quent<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>3.<\/strong> <strong>Cause <\/strong>: explique le pourquoi d&rsquo;une chose\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1.<\/strong> Car<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2.<\/strong> Parce que<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>3.<\/strong> Puisque<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>4.<\/strong> En effet<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il y en a d&rsquo;autres, mais je ne cherche pas l&rsquo;exhaustivit\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces mots et expressions nous signalent la cat\u00e9gorie de ce qui suit imm\u00e9diatement. Beaucoup d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants \u00e9chouent \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 par manque de ma\u00eetrise du langage et des articulateurs logiques. Ce n&rsquo;est pas moi qui le dit, c&rsquo;est le recteur de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lalibre.be\/belgique\/2017\/09\/17\/le-secondaire-outille-mal-les-futurs-universitaires-YACKDOLPMFGFTH3BSG7GIU2KBY\/\">qui l&rsquo;affirme dans cet article<\/a> tandis que celui-ci d\u00e9plore que 72 % des futurs enseignants <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lesoir.be\/733757\/article\/2026-03-11\/72-des-futurs-enseignants-ne-maitrisent-pas-encore-le-francais\">ne ma\u00eetrisent pas la langue fran\u00e7aise<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"definir-des-categories-c-est-creer-une-vision-du-monde\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories c&rsquo;est cr\u00e9er une vision du monde<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans la carte argumentaire ci-dessus, j&rsquo;affirme que d\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories cr\u00e9e notre vision du monde. Cette vision du monde oriente notre pens\u00e9e, nos valeurs, nos sensibilit\u00e9s. Ces cat\u00e9gories ne sont pas des invariants. Elles peuvent changer au fil du temps. En voici deux exemples, issus du Moyen Age.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"classifier-les-animaux-au-moyen-age\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Classifier les animaux au Moyen Age<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De nous jours, nous avons d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 plusieurs classifications des animaux. Voici par exemple, la <a href=\"https:\/\/rationaleonline.com\/map\/dnbmh8\/classification-phylogenetique-simplifiee#\">classification phylog\u00e9n\u00e9tique simplifi\u00e9e<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Classification-phylogenetique-simplifiee-Groupement-Cartes-argumentaires.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"299\" data-attachment-id=\"57602\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/en\/2026\/08\/31\/comment-definir-des-categories-logiques-pour-mieux-penser\/classification-phylogenetique-simplifiee-groupement-cartes-argumentaires\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Classification-phylogenetique-simplifiee-Groupement-Cartes-argumentaires.jpg?fit=1200%2C350&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,350\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Classification phylog\u00e9n\u00e9tique simplifi\u00e9e &amp;#8211; Groupement &amp;#8211; Cartes argumentaires\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Classification-phylogenetique-simplifiee-Groupement-Cartes-argumentaires.jpg?fit=1024%2C299&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Classification-phylogenetique-simplifiee-Groupement-Cartes-argumentaires.jpg?resize=1024%2C299&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"D\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories : classification phylog\u00e9n\u00e9tique simplifi\u00e9e - Groupement - Cartes argumantaires.\" class=\"wp-image-57602\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Classification-phylogenetique-simplifiee-Groupement-Cartes-argumentaires.jpg?resize=1024%2C299&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Classification-phylogenetique-simplifiee-Groupement-Cartes-argumentaires.jpg?resize=300%2C88&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Classification-phylogenetique-simplifiee-Groupement-Cartes-argumentaires.jpg?resize=768%2C224&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Classification-phylogenetique-simplifiee-Groupement-Cartes-argumentaires.jpg?resize=18%2C5&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Classification-phylogenetique-simplifiee-Groupement-Cartes-argumentaires.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Illustration des cat\u00e9gories : classification phylog\u00e9n\u00e9tique simplifi\u00e9e des esp\u00e8ces animales.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vous pouvez t\u00e9l\u00e9charger cette carte argumentaire au format PDF en cliquant sur le bouton ci-dessous.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-e78442e4-c9db-4961-a2d0-b29233f26d24\" href=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/classification-phylogenetique-simplifiee.pdf\">classification-phylogenetique-simplifiee<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/classification-phylogenetique-simplifiee.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-e78442e4-c9db-4961-a2d0-b29233f26d24\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mais, ces concepts phylog\u00e9n\u00e9tiques sont contemporains. Au Moyen Age, les cat\u00e9gories \u00e9taient radicalement diff\u00e9rentes, comme vous le montre <a href=\"https:\/\/rationaleonline.com\/map\/c8yrcv\/les-categories-danimaux-au-moyen-age#\">cette carte des cat\u00e9gories animales au Moyen Age<\/a> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-des-animaux-au-Moyen-Age.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-attachment-id=\"57609\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/en\/2026\/08\/31\/comment-definir-des-categories-logiques-pour-mieux-penser\/categories-des-animaux-au-moyen-age\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-des-animaux-au-Moyen-Age.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,675\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Cat\u00e9gories des animaux au Moyen Age\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-des-animaux-au-Moyen-Age.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-des-animaux-au-Moyen-Age.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Les cat\u00e9gories animales au moyen age\" class=\"wp-image-57609\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-des-animaux-au-Moyen-Age.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-des-animaux-au-Moyen-Age.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-des-animaux-au-Moyen-Age.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-des-animaux-au-Moyen-Age.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-des-animaux-au-Moyen-Age.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">D\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories : les esp\u00e8ces animales au Moyen Age.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vous pouvez \u00e9galement t\u00e9l\u00e9charger cette carte argumentaire au format PDF en cliquant sur le bouton ci-dessous :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-cc57d48f-72a5-4086-a8ae-eec1406ba804\" href=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/les-categories-danimaux-au-moyen-age.pdf\">les-categories-danimaux-au-moyen-age<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/les-categories-danimaux-au-moyen-age.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-cc57d48f-72a5-4086-a8ae-eec1406ba804\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comme vous pouvez le constater, les cat\u00e9gories du Moyen Age n&rsquo;ont que tr\u00e8s peu de similitudes avec les n\u00f4tres. Les poissons comprennent aussi les baleines, qui sont des mammif\u00e8res (une cat\u00e9gorie totalement inconnue jusqu&rsquo;au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle). Quant au \u00ab\u00a0monstres\u00a0\u00bb, il y a belle lurette qu&rsquo;ils ont disparu de nos classifications animales pour rejoindre celles de la t\u00e9ratologie ou du cin\u00e9ma d&rsquo;horreur&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"classement-des-animaux-domestiques\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Classement des animaux domestiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Plus \u00e9tonnant encore, comment les personnes du Moyen Age classaient-elles les animaux domestiques ? Comme nous, certainement. Eh bien non ! Le classement des animaux domestiques \u00e9chappe totalement \u00e0 nos conceptions modernes comme l&rsquo;illustre <a href=\"https:\/\/rationaleonline.com\/map\/2jtnqr\/classement-des-animaux-domestiques\">cette carte argumentaire sur le classement des animaux domestiques<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Classement-des-animaux-domestiques.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-attachment-id=\"57615\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/en\/2026\/08\/31\/comment-definir-des-categories-logiques-pour-mieux-penser\/classement-des-animaux-domestiques\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Classement-des-animaux-domestiques.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,675\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Classement des animaux domestiques\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Classement-des-animaux-domestiques.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Classement-des-animaux-domestiques.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"D\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories : classement des animaux domestiques au Moyen Age et de nos jours.\" class=\"wp-image-57615\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Classement-des-animaux-domestiques.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Classement-des-animaux-domestiques.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Classement-des-animaux-domestiques.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Classement-des-animaux-domestiques.jpg?resize=18%2C10&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Classement-des-animaux-domestiques.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">D\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories : classement des animaux domestiques au Moyen Age et de nos jours.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cliquer sur le bouton ci-dessous pour t\u00e9l\u00e9charger cette carte argumentaire au format PDF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-32bed597-3a27-4f15-9031-b37a3527a61d\" href=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/classement-des-animaux-domestiques.pdf\">classement-des-animaux-domestiques<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/classement-des-animaux-domestiques.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-32bed597-3a27-4f15-9031-b37a3527a61d\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour nous, l&rsquo;animal domestique est celui<strong> dont  nous pouvons contr\u00f4ler la reproduction<\/strong>. Pour l&rsquo;homme du Moyen Age, l&rsquo;animal domestique est <strong>celui qui vit dans ou pr\u00e8s de la maison<\/strong> : \u00ab\u00a0domus\u00a0\u00bb, en latin, d&rsquo;ou vient le mot \u00ab\u00a0domestique\u00a0\u00bb. Les rats, les renards, les corbeaux sont donc des animaux domestiques au m\u00eame titre que le cheval ou le cochon. Et le chat ? Au d\u00e9but du Moyen Age, il est d\u00e9test\u00e9. Il est synonyme de vie sauvage, nocturne, de surcro\u00eet, ce qui l&rsquo;associe au monde des t\u00e9n\u00e8bres et donc du Diable. Le chien, quant \u00e0 lui, est m\u00e9pris\u00e9, car c&rsquo;est l&rsquo;animal lubrique par excellence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces deux exemples nous montrent \u00e0 quel point, dans un m\u00eame espace g\u00e9ographique, ces cat\u00e9gories peuvent changer du tout au tout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"d-ou-viennent-ces-categories-qui-definissent-notre-vision-du-monde\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">D&rsquo;o\u00f9 viennent ces cat\u00e9gories qui d\u00e9finissent notre vision du monde ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce sont des <strong>conventions <\/strong>: des choix de groupes sociaux diraient les sociologues. Ces cat\u00e9gories ne sont pas naturelles. Elles r\u00e9sultent d&rsquo;accords entre membres d&rsquo;un groupe, d&rsquo;une tribu, d&rsquo;une soci\u00e9t\u00e9. C&rsquo;est \u00e0 la fois le r\u00e9sultat et l&rsquo;origine de croyances, de repr\u00e9sentations du monde.  L&rsquo;\u00e9crivain argentin Jorge Luis Borges a magistralement d\u00e9montr\u00e9 l&rsquo;arbitraire des classifications dans un texte c\u00e9l\u00e8bre : <em>La Langue analytique de John Wilkins<\/em>, paru en 1942 et repris dans le recueil <em>Enqu\u00eates <\/em>chez Gallimard. Dans cet essai, il liste <a href=\"https:\/\/rationaleonline.com\/map\/qbjgx4\/classification-de-lencyclopedie-chinoise-jorge-luis-borges#\">les cat\u00e9gories d&rsquo;une Encyclop\u00e9die chinoise imaginaire<\/a>. La carte ci-dessous illustre ces 14 cat\u00e9gories : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-de-lEncyclopedie-chinoise-de-Borges.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"427\" data-attachment-id=\"57627\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/en\/2026\/08\/31\/comment-definir-des-categories-logiques-pour-mieux-penser\/categories-de-lencyclopedie-chinoise-de-borges\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-de-lEncyclopedie-chinoise-de-Borges.jpg?fit=1200%2C500&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Cat\u00e9gories de l&amp;rsquo;Encyclop\u00e9die chinoise de Borges\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-de-lEncyclopedie-chinoise-de-Borges.jpg?fit=1024%2C427&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-de-lEncyclopedie-chinoise-de-Borges.jpg?resize=1024%2C427&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Cat\u00e9gories de l'Encyclop\u00e9die chinoise de Joge Luis Borges - carte argumentaire sur les notions de groupes et de cat\u00e9gories\" class=\"wp-image-57627\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-de-lEncyclopedie-chinoise-de-Borges.jpg?resize=1024%2C427&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-de-lEncyclopedie-chinoise-de-Borges.jpg?resize=300%2C125&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-de-lEncyclopedie-chinoise-de-Borges.jpg?resize=768%2C320&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-de-lEncyclopedie-chinoise-de-Borges.jpg?resize=18%2C8&amp;ssl=1 18w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-de-lEncyclopedie-chinoise-de-Borges.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Les cat\u00e9gories de l&rsquo;Encyclop\u00e9die chinoise de Jorge Luis Borges<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vous pouvez t\u00e9l\u00e9charger cette carte argumentaire au format PDF en cliquant sur le bouton ci-dessous :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-41e3ff10-1724-44a9-bd56-4845a66eb7dc\" href=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-de-lEncyclopedie-chinoise-de-Borges-1.jpg\">Cat\u00e9gories de l&rsquo;Encyclop\u00e9die chinoise de Borges<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Categories-de-lEncyclopedie-chinoise-de-Borges-1.jpg\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-41e3ff10-1724-44a9-bd56-4845a66eb7dc\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette encyclop\u00e9die fantastique montre \u00e0 quel point les cat\u00e9gories sont importantes pour nous. Et \u00e0 quel point des cat\u00e9gories \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9fectueuses\u00a0\u00bb, comme celles des \u00ab\u00a0Inclus dans cette classification\u00a0\u00bb, choquent notre esprit logique. S&rsquo;ils sont inclus dans cette classification, ils ne forment pas une cat\u00e9gorie \u00e0 part dans cette classification. Il y a l\u00e0 une erreur logique \u00e9vidente pour nous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Par contre, les diff\u00e9rences de classification entre le monde m\u00e9di\u00e9val et le n\u00f4tre, ne r\u00e9sultent pas d&rsquo;une erreur de classement. Mais bien d&rsquo;une \u00e9volution de la vision du monde et de ses cat\u00e9gories. Les sciences sont pass\u00e9es par l\u00e0. Linn\u00e9, <a href=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/en\/2023\/09\/06\/le-diagramme-de-darwin\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"32989\">Darwin<\/a>, Wallace et d&rsquo;autres ont renouvel\u00e9 notre pens\u00e9e sur l&rsquo;\u00e9volution et sur la taxonomie (du grec <strong>t<em>axis<\/em> (\u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b9\u03c2)<\/strong>, \u00ab\u00a0classement\u00a0\u00bb, mise en ordre et <strong><em>nomos<\/em> (\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2)<\/strong>, \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e8gle\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0science\u00a0\u00bb).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les cat\u00e9gories ont beau \u00eatre des conventions, elles n&rsquo;en sont pas moins importantes. La Constitution fran\u00e7aise est aussi une convention. C&rsquo;est un accord entre tous les citoyens. Tous les citoyens fran\u00e7ais s&rsquo;y reconnaissent. Cela a beau \u00eatre une convention, je ne donne pas cher de la peau des dirigeants le jour o\u00f9 les citoyens d\u00e9cideront que l&rsquo;accord ne tient plus&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"definir-des-categories-premier-stade-de-la-pensee-logique\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories : premier stade de la pens\u00e9e logique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il en va de m\u00eame pour nos cat\u00e9gories de pens\u00e9e. Elles structurent notre discours et fondent notre capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 penser de mani\u00e8re logique. Elles conf\u00e8rent une solidit\u00e9 \u00e0 nos arguments. Elles renvoient \u00e0 des articulations du discours qui lui donnent du sens :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li> Il se passe telle chose <strong>parce que<\/strong>... <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Si j&rsquo;ajoute ceci, <strong>alors <\/strong>il arrivera cela&#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Si a \u00e9gale b, a ne peut pas \u00eatre diff\u00e9rent de b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tout cela est peut-\u00eatre facile pour vous. Cela nous semble \u00ab\u00a0naturel\u00a0\u00bb parce que, comme le dit Bourdieu \u00ab\u00a0nous l&rsquo;avons \u00ab\u00a0naturalis\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb. Nous l&rsquo;avons int\u00e9gr\u00e9 comme une loi naturelle. \u00ab\u00a0Cela va de soi\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, toute notre civilisation occidentale contemporaine fonctionne sur le mode de la rationalit\u00e9 instrumentale. Une notion qui n&rsquo;a rien de naturel. Une rationalit\u00e9 qui doit s&rsquo;exercer dans un monde de plus en plus complexe. Dont les fonctionnements, r\u00e9gis par la technologie, sont de plus en plus opaques pour la majorit\u00e9 d&rsquo;entre nous. Un exemple ? Nous utilisons (presque) tous un smartphone. Qui est \u00e0 m\u00eame d&rsquo;en expliquer le fonctionnement ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pouvoir organiser le monde en cat\u00e9gories est la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape d&rsquo;une pens\u00e9e logique et critique. Dans un prochain article, je vous proposerai un exercice que vous pourrez faire ex\u00e9cuter \u00e0 vos \u00e9tudiants. Ainsi que la mani\u00e8re d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer une carte de regroupement Rationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center is-style-info wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Did you like this article?  Subscribe to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/activepedagogy.substack.com\/\">to our newsletter<\/a>It's free and you won't miss any of our publications.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pourquoi les cat\u00e9gories sont-elles si essentielles dans notre fa\u00e7on de penser ? Comment les organiser gr\u00e2ce aux cartes argumentaires ?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7601135,"featured_media":57276,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[209709427],"tags":[775358497,775357480,775358475,168590,775358476,2802877,60508420,775358496,149334393,1119559,42179],"class_list":["post-57221","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cartes-argumentaires","tag-cartes-agumentaires-exemples","tag-cartes-argumentaires","tag-categories-logiques","tag-classification","tag-grouper","tag-pensee-critique","tag-pensee-logique","tag-pensee-logique-definition","tag-raisonnement-logique","tag-raisonner","tag-rationale"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Comment d\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories logiques pour mieux penser ? - Formation 3.0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Comment d\u00e9finir des cat\u00e9gories logique pour mieux raisonner ? 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