{"id":2740,"date":"2011-02-16T23:11:05","date_gmt":"2011-02-16T21:11:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/format30.com\/?p=2740"},"modified":"2012-08-23T12:11:58","modified_gmt":"2012-08-23T11:11:58","slug":"outils-visuels-mindmap-ou-concept-map","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/format30.com\/fr_fr\/2011\/02\/16\/outils-visuels-mindmap-ou-concept-map\/","title":{"rendered":"Outils visuels : mindmap ou concept map ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vous avez sans doute d\u00e9j\u00e0 entendu les mots \u00ab\u00a0outils visuels<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, \u00ab\u00a0visual thinking<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, \u00ab\u00a0mindmapping<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, \u00ab\u00a0concept map<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0… \u00a0Mais savez-vous exactement ce que recouvrent ces termes ?<\/span><\/h4>\n

Voici quelques pr\u00e9cisions qui peuvent vous aider…<\/span><\/h4>\n

L’expression \u00ab\u00a0Visual Thinking<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u00a0\u00bb part du postulat que nous comprenons<\/strong><\/em> et retenons mieux ce que nous voyons<\/strong><\/em>, en particulier, les associations d’images et de mots.<\/p>\n

On utilise pour cela des outils visuels, tels le mindmapping <\/em><\/strong>ou les concept maps<\/em><\/strong>. \u00a0Il existe d’autres outils visuels comme les diagrammes de Gantt<\/em><\/strong> – qui servent \u00e0 visualiser les s\u00e9quences d’un projet, par exemple – ou les diagrammes d’Euler<\/strong><\/em> – vous vous souvenez, les ensembles, en math ? (Cliquez ici pour quelques exemples de ces diagrammes<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Je n’aborderai dans ce billet que deux outils visuels particuliers : la mindmap <\/strong><\/em>– ou encore, carte heuristique, mentale, cognitive – et la concept map<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

Une vision superficielle pourrait laisser croire qu’elles sont similaires et interchangeables.<\/p>\n

Il n’en est rien.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Elles sont diff\u00e9rentes <\/strong><\/em>en origines<\/strong><\/em>, en structure <\/strong><\/em>et en possibilit\u00e9s d’utilisation<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

Commen\u00e7ons par la mindmap <\/strong><\/em>: invent\u00e9e \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1960 par le psychologue anglais Tony Buzan<\/strong><\/em>, elle se distingue par sa structure rayonnante<\/strong><\/em>. \u00a0Elle part du centre de la page<\/strong><\/em>, plac\u00e9e en format paysage pour assurer une meilleure vision d’ensemble<\/strong><\/em>. \u00a0Des branches partent du centre – le sujet central – et rejoignent les bords. \u00a0Chaque branche est constitu\u00e9e d’un mot-cl\u00e9 souvent associ\u00e9 \u00e0 une image. \u00a0(Cliquez sur la carte pour l’agrandir).<\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/a>
Exemple de mindmap : aide \u00e9ducative aux Pays-Bas<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La concept map<\/strong><\/em> est n\u00e9e dans les ann\u00e9es 1970, du cerveau de Joseph Novak<\/strong><\/em>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 professeur de biologie dans diff\u00e9rentes universit\u00e9s am\u00e9ricaines<\/a>. \u00a0Sa structure est en fait bas\u00e9e sur les relations entre diff\u00e9rents concepts – d’o\u00f9 son nom. \u00a0Elle ne part pas du centre, mais plut\u00f4t du haut de la page et se d\u00e9veloppe selon \u00a0les relations entre les concepts. \u00a0Les mots peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre associ\u00e9s \u00e0 des images. \u00a0 Voici une traduction que j’ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9e d’une concept map dessin\u00e9e par\u00a0Vicwood40 pour WikiPedia<\/a>. \u00a0Elle est en licence WikiPedia Commons, vous pouvez donc utiliser la mienne librement (si vous pouviez en citer la source, cela me ferait plaisir ;-)). \u00a0Cliquez sur la carte pour l’agrandir.<\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/a>
Concept map r\u00e9alis\u00e9e avec XMind<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La carte que j’ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur la m\u00e9thode GTD dans mon billet pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent <\/a>\u00e9tait aussi une concept map r\u00e9alis\u00e9e avec XMind 3.2.1.<\/p>\n

Le concept mapping<\/strong><\/em> est une m\u00e9thode bas\u00e9e sur la pens\u00e9e constructiviste<\/a> dont j’ai d\u00e9j\u00e0 eu l’occasion de vous parler \u00e0 propos de la plateforme d’e-learning Moodle.<\/p>\n

L’utilisation des mindmaps et concept maps<\/span><\/h3>\n

Je l’ai dit d’embl\u00e9e : les deux syst\u00e8mes conviennent pour deux types d’utilisation diff\u00e9rentes<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

Bien que Tony Buzan ait baptis\u00e9 le mindmapping <\/strong>le <\/em>\u00ab\u00a0couteau suisse de la pens\u00e9e<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, il ne peut pas tout couvrir. \u00a0Il est excellent pour tout ce qui est organisation de vos id\u00e9es, brainstorming, structuration de documents, pr\u00e9paration de r\u00e9union<\/strong><\/em>, etc. \u00a0Il sert donc \u00e0 explorer un concept, une id\u00e9e centrale et \u00e0 en extraire tous les tenants et aboutissants<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

La concept map,<\/strong><\/em> par contre, est excellente pour montrer les relations entre les concepts<\/strong><\/em> : elle est donc indiqu\u00e9es dans les cas o\u00f9 on veut expliquer un processus dans le temps<\/strong><\/em> – c’est le cas de ma carte sur la m\u00e9thode GTD <\/a>qui explique les diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9tapes du flux de travail – \u00a0ou dans l’espace<\/strong><\/em>, ou montrer l’articulation de parties entre elles<\/strong><\/em>, etc.<\/p>\n

Voyez dans cet article<\/a>, des mod\u00e8les gratuits de mindmap et concept maps que j’ai cr\u00e9\u00e9s pour des cours de langue.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9aliser une concept map<\/span><\/h3>\n

Je ne vous dis plus comment r\u00e9aliser une mindmap avec XMind. \u00a0Par contre, vous pouvez utiliser XMind pour r\u00e9aliser une concept map<\/strong><\/em>. \u00a0Voici une vid\u00e9o qui vous montre comment faire<\/a>, c’est extr\u00eamement simple. \u00a0Pour obtenir quelque chose de plus vivant, il suffit d’y ajouter quelques images, et le tour est jou\u00e9 !<\/p>\n

Comment ? \u00a0Vous n’avez pas encore votre XMind ?<\/strong><\/em><\/span> T\u00e9l\u00e9chargez-le gratuitement ici <\/a>!<\/p>\n

\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Outils visuels, pens\u00e9e visuelle, visual thinking, diagrammes, mindmap, carte heuristique, mentale, cognitive, concept map… Peut-\u00eatre n’avez-vous pas une vision tr\u00e8s claire de ce que recouvrent tous ces termes ? Voici un billet qui va vous aider \u00e0 remettre de l’ordre dans toutes ces notions, en particulier entre la mindmap et la concept map.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7601135,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[9857,31876812,11886],"tags":[1381892,251285,46613920,1119466,2623935,775357449,2267967,13083199,34000,2694714,378275,574285,966561,392131,775357411,2857,5563094,172119,114245,6245,859493,399716,468149,51463534,51463533,48808062,25716,30965,84757,816181,30084,412,375511,3209179,46715366,47545507,47545506],"class_list":["post-2740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-logiciels","category-mind-mapping-outils","category-outils","tag-buzan","tag-carte","tag-carte-cognitive","tag-carte-heuristique","tag-carte-mentale","tag-concept-map","tag-constructivisme","tag-constructiviste","tag-demonstration","tag-diagramme","tag-ensemble","tag-euler","tag-gantt","tag-gratuit","tag-gtd","tag-joseph","tag-joseph-novak","tag-methode","tag-mindmap","tag-moodle","tag-novak","tag-objectif","tag-outil","tag-outil-visuel","tag-outils-visuels","tag-pensee-visuelle","tag-structure","tag-telechargement","tag-tony","tag-tony-buzan","tag-usage","tag-video","tag-visual-thinking","tag-xmind","tag-xmind-3-2-1","tag-xmind-3-2-1-en-francais","tag-xmind-3-2-1-francais"],"yoast_head":"\nOutils visuels : mindmap ou concept map ? - Formation 3.0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/fr_fr\/2011\/02\/16\/outils-visuels-mindmap-ou-concept-map\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Outils visuels : mindmap ou concept map ? - Formation 3.0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Outils visuels, pens\u00e9e visuelle, visual thinking, diagrammes, mindmap, carte heuristique, mentale, cognitive, concept map... 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