{"id":5477,"date":"2012-11-13T13:05:01","date_gmt":"2012-11-13T12:05:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/format30.com\/?p=5477"},"modified":"2021-05-10T12:24:13","modified_gmt":"2021-05-10T11:24:13","slug":"apprentissage-et-creativite-apprendre-cest-dabord-comprendre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/format30.com\/fr_fr\/2012\/11\/13\/apprentissage-et-creativite-apprendre-cest-dabord-comprendre\/","title":{"rendered":"Apprentissage et cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 : apprendre, c’est d’abord comprendre"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Qu’est-ce qu’apprendre ?  Qu’est-ce que comprendre ?  Qu’est-que retenir ?  Qu’est-ce que m\u00e9moriser ?  Qu’est-ce que se souvenir ?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous confondons all\u00e8grement ces notions.  Le langage de tous les jours entretient ces confusions et nos enfants en p\u00e2tissent.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une s\u00e9rie d’articles sur l’apprentissage et la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9, je vous propose de faire le tour de ces notions.  Et de voir comment nous pouvons aider nos enfants et adolescents \u00e0 mieux apprendre.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0– Tu as appris ta le\u00e7on ?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Oui, maman.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Tu la sauras pour demain ?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Oui, maman<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Jeune<\/a>
Apprendre avec plaisir<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e9line est sinc\u00e8re : elle a lu et relu le texte sur les \u00e9crivains romantiques en pr\u00e9vision de son test le lendemain.  Elle a retenu les noms de Chateaubriand, de Lamartine, de Victor Hugo.  Elle conna\u00eet les titres de leurs oeuvres, les dates, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa maman est contente : elle a re\u00e7u une r\u00e9ponse qui fait baisser consid\u00e9rablement – et tr\u00e8s temporairement –  son stress-de-m\u00e8re-aimante-et-pr\u00e9occup\u00e9e-par-la-r\u00e9ussite-scolaire-de-sa-fille<\/em> !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout va pour le mieux dans le meilleur des mondes !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En est-on si s\u00fbr ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Que signifie \u00ab\u00a0apprendre sa le\u00e7on\u00a0\u00bb ?  Qu’est-ce \u00ab\u00a0savoir sa le\u00e7on\u00a0\u00bb ?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Est-ce : M\u00e9moriser ? Retenir ? Se souvenir ?  Pouvoir r\u00e9utiliser ?  Pouvoir replacer les notions dans leur contexte ?  Cr\u00e9er du lien entre elles ?  Les rattacher \u00e0 se qu’on conna\u00eet d\u00e9j\u00e0 ?  Pouvoir paraphraser le texte avec son propre vocabulaire ?  Retenir les principales dates ?  M\u00e9moriser les noms des auteurs ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evidemment, je caricature le dialogue \u00e0 l’extr\u00eame, parce que je veux souligner le fait que nous v\u00e9hiculons inconciemment et involontairement des notions confuses et parfois contradictoires de l’apprentissage dans le langage de tous les jours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Et que cette confusion entretient aussi l’id\u00e9e d’un apprentissage passif : des t\u00eates qu’on remplit par l’\u00e9tude et qu’on vide le jour de l’examen.  Nous ne sommes pas encore sortis des m\u00e9taphores physiques et m\u00e9canistes de l’apprentissage…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apprendre, c’est d’abord comprendre<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Retenir par coeur, c’est la meilleure fa\u00e7on d’oublier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apprendre, ce n’est pas seulement m\u00e9moriser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apprendre, c’est d’abord : comprendre !  C’est l’une des bases de la m\u00e9thode Etudier efficacement en 5 \u00e9tapes<\/a> que je pr\u00e9conise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comprendre, du latin cumprehendere<\/em>, veut dire \u00ab\u00a0prendre ensemble<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, \u00ab\u00a0prendre avec<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Et donc, tisser des liens<\/strong><\/em>.  Entre les diff\u00e9rents \u00e9l\u00e9ments de ce qu’on apprend<\/strong><\/em>.   Entre les diff\u00e9rentes parties de la mati\u00e8re \u00e9tudi\u00e9e<\/strong><\/em> : je fais le lien entre le courant romantique, opposition aux valeurs classiques et le courant naturaliste, r\u00e9action au sentimentalisme romantique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Liens entre les diff\u00e9rents cour<\/strong>s<\/strong><\/em> : les cours d’histoire ou de sociologie me permettent de comprendre que le mouvement romantique est n\u00e9 pendant les guerres napol\u00e9oniennes, alors qu’une classe bourgeoise commence \u00e0 remplacer la noblesse dans les postes-cl\u00e9s de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, que les nations commencent \u00e0 s’affirmer, que l’individu prend de l’importance par rapport \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9, etc.   Et toutes ces nouvelles valeurs s’affirment dans des po\u00e8mes et des romans qui exaltent l’individualisme, la valeur personnelle, les sentiments nobles, la patrie, la langue nationale, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Et donc, le romantisme, ce n’est pas que quelques po\u00e8mes exalt\u00e9s sur la mer ou sur les feuilles d’automne : c’est d’abord l’aspiration de toute une jeunesse \u00e0 b\u00e2tir quelque chose de neuf, \u00e0 trouver sa place sur les ruines d’un vieux monde, \u00e0 mettre en avant ce qu’elle sent de meilleur en elle-m\u00eame !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si \u00e7a, \u00e7a ne parle pas \u00e0 vos ados, j’ai bien peur qu’il ne leur reste plus beaucoup d’espoir…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cr\u00e9ez du lien<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cr\u00e9er des liens entre ces diff\u00e9rentes parties de cours ou entre les cours eux-m\u00eames, c’est quelque chose d’actif, de cr\u00e9atif.  On ne vous servira pas ces liens sur un plateau : vous devrez les cr\u00e9er vous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le mindmapping est l’une des techniques qui vous y aidera.  Les cartes heuristiques ou conceptuelles aident \u00e0 visualiser les liens et les relations entre les parties et avec le tout.  C’est une des techniques que j’enseigne lors de mes ateliers Apprendre A Apprendre<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Voici un exemple d’organigramme \u00e9clat\u00e9, avec en haut le classicisme et le \u00ab\u00a0vieux monde\u00a0\u00bb et en bas le romantisme et le \u00ab\u00a0nouveau monde\u00a0\u00bb.  L’organigramme \u00e9clat\u00e9 est une structure int\u00e9ressante pour illustrer une opposition, une distinction entre deux concepts, deux lieux, deux \u00e9poques, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le choix des structures et des outils d’apprentissage au bon moment fait partie de la strat\u00e9gie dont je reparlerai bient\u00f4t. (Cliquez sur l’image pour l’agrandir<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Comment<\/a>
Une carte mentale pour comprendre<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

On peut compl\u00e9ter les relations par des fl\u00e8ches et des nuages pour renforcer le c\u00f4t\u00e9 visuel.  Essayez vous aussi, vous verrez, c’est tr\u00e8s efficace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vous avez aim\u00e9 cet article ?\u00a0 Inscrivez-vous \u00e0 notre newsletter<\/a> et ne ratez plus aucun article ou \u00e9v\u00e9n\u00e9ment !<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Qu’est-ce qu’apprendre ?  Qu’est-ce que comprendre ?  Qu’est-que retenir ?  Qu’est-ce que m\u00e9moriser ?  Qu’est-ce que se souvenir ? Nous confondons all\u00e8grement ces notions.  Le langage de tous les jours […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7601135,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12205887,694901,249485,90940543,89230987,31876812,11886,34502625],"tags":[170561,73010,304367,703848,10699810,1119466,727662,775357437,2991866,208373,2674661,172119,71028277,775357425,174646,48808062,165227,775357428,129178],"class_list":["post-5477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-apprendre-a-apprendre","category-concept-map","category-creativite","category-enseignement-secondaire-pedagogie","category-etudier-efficacement-2","category-mind-mapping-outils","category-outils","category-pedagogie-2","tag-adolescents","tag-apprendre","tag-apprentissage","tag-etudier","tag-carte-conceptuelle","tag-carte-heuristique","tag-comprendre","tag-creativite","tag-efficace","tag-lecon","tag-memoriser","tag-methode","tag-mindmaple","tag-mindmapping","tag-notions","tag-pensee-visuelle","tag-romantisme","tag-strategie","tag-victor-hugo"],"yoast_head":"\nApprentissage et cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 : apprendre, c'est d'abord comprendre - Formation 3.0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/fr_fr\/2012\/11\/13\/apprentissage-et-creativite-apprendre-cest-dabord-comprendre\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Apprentissage et cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 : apprendre, c'est d'abord comprendre - Formation 3.0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Qu’est-ce qu’apprendre ?  Qu’est-ce que comprendre ?  Qu’est-que retenir ?  Qu’est-ce que m\u00e9moriser ?  Qu’est-ce que se souvenir ? 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