{"id":5778,"date":"2013-01-23T07:30:02","date_gmt":"2013-01-23T06:30:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/format30.com\/?p=5778"},"modified":"2013-05-27T21:18:41","modified_gmt":"2013-05-27T20:18:41","slug":"memoriser-des-donnees-complexes-par-limage-lexemple-microsoft","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/format30.com\/fr_fr\/2013\/01\/23\/memoriser-des-donnees-complexes-par-limage-lexemple-microsoft\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e9moriser des donn\u00e9es complexes par l’image : l’exemple Microsoft"},"content":{"rendered":"

Comment m\u00e9moriser des donn\u00e9es complexes ?\u00a0 Comment se souvenir de mots de passe compliqu\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Adam Stubblefield, un \u00e9tudiant interne chez Microsoft, a eu une id\u00e9e originale : combiner les t\u00e2ches de Rorschach avec des acronymes.\u00a0 La m\u00e9thode est non seulement \u00e9l\u00e9gante : elle est terriblement efficace !<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Les mots de passe repr\u00e9sentent un v\u00e9ritable casse-t\u00eate : non seulement lorsqu’il s’agit de les cr\u00e9er, mais aussi au moment de s’en souvenir.<\/p>\n

Tous les administrateurs de syst\u00e8mes vous le diront : le maillon faible d’une cha\u00eene de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, c’est l’utilisateur, l’humain.<\/p>\n

Ce dernier a tendance \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des mots de passe trop simples pour pouvoir les retenir.\u00a0 Et \u00e0 les \u00e9crire sur des post-it parfois coll\u00e9s sur l’\u00e9cran de l’ordinateur pour \u00eatre certain de ne pas les oublier…\u00a0\u00a0 En outre, avec les logiciels et le mat\u00e9riel de \u00ab\u00a0cracking\u00a0\u00bb r\u00e9soudre un mot de passe devient un jeu d’enfant.<\/p>\n

Comment faire pour que les utilisateurs cr\u00e9ent des mots de passe suffisamment complexes pour ne pas \u00eatre facilement trouv\u00e9s par un intrus ?\u00a0 Et comment s’assurer qu’ils les m\u00e9morisent\u00a0 ?<\/p>\n

Il existe des g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs de mots de passe.\u00a0 Y compris des g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs de mots de passe \u00ab\u00a0mn\u00e9moniques\u00a0\u00bb<\/a>.\u00a0 Mais le probl\u00e8me est que s’en souvenir n’est pas aussi simple que le pr\u00e9tendent leurs cr\u00e9ateurs.\u00a0 Comment m\u00e9morisez-vous AKovI3471YoP ?\u00a0 C’est le mot de passe \u00ab\u00a0mn\u00e9monique\u00a0\u00bb que vient de me sugg\u00e9rer ce g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur.\u00a0 J’ai bien ma petite id\u00e9e pour Yop qui me rappelle une s\u00e9rie de publicit\u00e9s.\u00a0 Mais pour le reste ?<\/p>\n

Dans mon article sur les principes de la m\u00e9morisation<\/a>, je vous ai parl\u00e9 des combinaisons d’associations.\u00a0\u00a0 Adam Stubblefield,\u00a0 un \u00e9tudiant de la John Hopkins University en internat chez Microsoft a invent\u00e9 une m\u00e9thode originale pour r\u00e9soudre les deux probl\u00e8mes des mots de passe : la cr\u00e9ation de mots suffisamment complexes et leur m\u00e9morisation \u00e0 long terme.<\/p>\n

Des taches d’encre \u00e0 la rescousse de la technique<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
\"Taches<\/a>
Taches d’encre \u00e0 associer aux mots de passe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L’id\u00e9e d’Adam Stubblefield \u00e9tait de sugg\u00e9rer aux utilisateurs une image suffisamment floue pour que chacun y associe quelque chose de diff\u00e9rent : un peu comme les nuages dans lesquels chacun peut reconna\u00eetre une forme diff\u00e9rente.\u00a0 Il a donc pens\u00e9 aux taches de Rorschach, qu’on utilise en psychologie.<\/p>\n

La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape a consist\u00e9 en la cr\u00e9ation d’un programme g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur de taches d’encre al\u00e9atoires.\u00a0 Ensuite, ces taches d’encre \u00e9taient montr\u00e9es aux utilisateurs.\u00a0\u00a0 Ceux-ci devaient identifier mentalement la tache \u00e0 un objet, une personne ou un animal.\u00a0 Et \u00e9crire une tr\u00e8s courte abr\u00e9viation li\u00e9e \u00e0 cette tache.\u00a0 La premi\u00e8re et la derni\u00e8re lettre du mot par exemple.\u00a0 Si la tache \u00e9voquait une mouche, l’utilisateur tapait \u00ab\u00a0M\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0E\u00a0\u00bb sur son clavier.\u00a0\u00a0 De m\u00eame pour chaque tache de la s\u00e9quence.\u00a0 D’autres ont vu un homme volant ce qui donne \u00ab\u00a0H\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0E\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0V\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0T\u00a0\u00bb pour une seule image.<\/p>\n

Un des points forts de la m\u00e9thode est que m\u00eame si les personnes voient la m\u00eame chose dans une tache, elles ont souvent des fa\u00e7ons diff\u00e9rentes de la d\u00e9crire et elles g\u00e9n\u00e8rent donc des mots de passe diff\u00e9rents.<\/p>\n

Chaque personne a d\u00fb m\u00e9moriser les associations avec dix images. Cette m\u00e9morisation s’est faite simplement en visionnant plusieurs fois de suite la s\u00e9quence des images.\u00a0 De nouveau le principe de la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition qui suit celui de l’ordre et de l’association.<\/p>\n

A la fin, les 25 personnes qui \u00e9taient soumises \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9rience avaient des mots de passe comptant entre 50 et 80 lettres dont l’ensemble ne signifie rien.\u00a0 Impossible \u00e0 retenir…<\/p>\n

Sauf que… Apr\u00e8s une semaine, 18 des 25 personnes se souvenaient encore de l’int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 de leur mot de passe !\u00a0 Quant aux autres, elles se souvenaient des associations avec 9 images sur 10 !<\/p>\n

Adam Stubblefield en d\u00e9duisit donc qu’avec un mot de 20 lettres, par exemple, on pourrait obtenir 100 % de r\u00e9tention.\u00a0 Apr\u00e8s avoir tap\u00e9 ce mot un certain nombre de fois, il est pratiquement impossible de l’oublier.<\/p>\n

Une des dimensions importantes qui ont assur\u00e9 la r\u00e9ussite de cette exp\u00e9rience, c’est son caract\u00e8re ludique : de nombreux participants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avoir \u00e9prouv\u00e9 du plaisir \u00e0 d\u00e9finir leurs mots et \u00e0 les m\u00e9moriser.\u00a0 Une fois de plus, une \u00e9motion positive associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une activit\u00e9 ou \u00e0 une notion renforce sa m\u00e9morisation.<\/p>\n

Vous pouvez lire l’article en anglais sur cette recherche sur les Microsoft inkblots<\/a> ou t\u00e9l\u00e9charger le rapport complet d’Adam Stubblefield et Dan Simon<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Et vous ?\u00a0 Que voyez-vous dans ces taches ?\u00a0 Et quels mots de passe avez-vous cr\u00e9\u00e9s ?<\/p>\n

Vous avez aim\u00e9 cet article ?\u00a0 Inscrivez-vous \u00e0 ma newsletter<\/a> et ne ratez plus aucun article ou \u00e9v\u00e9n\u00e9ment !<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Comment m\u00e9moriser des donn\u00e9es complexes ?\u00a0 Comment se souvenir de mots de passe compliqu\u00e9s ? 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