{"id":36155,"date":"2013-03-04T07:03:43","date_gmt":"2013-03-04T06:03:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/atomic-temporary-10999751.wpcomstaging.com\/?p=6368"},"modified":"2021-05-11T12:45:45","modified_gmt":"2021-05-11T11:45:45","slug":"etudier-a-luniversite-cartes-mentales-et-conceptuelles-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/format30.com\/it\/2013\/03\/04\/etudier-a-luniversite-cartes-mentales-et-conceptuelles-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Cartes mentales et conceptuelles \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-drop-cap has-palette-color-6-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>Comment mieux comprendre ?&nbsp; Comment mieux retenir ?&nbsp; Comment voir les liens entre les cours ?&nbsp; Comment visualiser les relations entre les concepts ? Les outils issus de la pens\u00e9e visuelle &#8211; carte mentales et conceptuelles, cartes argumentaires &#8211; constituent une batterie int\u00e9ressante pour l&rsquo;\u00e9tudiant \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9.&nbsp; <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beaucoup d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des difficult\u00e9s pour \u00e9tudier.&nbsp; La quantit\u00e9 de mati\u00e8re, la complexit\u00e9 des sujets en rebutent plus d&rsquo;un.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Surtout quand les m\u00e9thodes d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes consistent en surlignage, recopiage, synth\u00e8ses lues et relues pendant des sessions interminables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les \u00e9tudes \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 exigent une solide discipline personnelle : il faut g\u00e9rer le volume des t\u00e2ches et leur r\u00e9partition dans le temps, il faut ingurgiter des quantit\u00e9s impressionnantes de mati\u00e8re &#8211; parfois en un temps record &#8211; il faut produire des documents de plus en plus longs et complexes, jusqu&rsquo;au travail de fin d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes, voire \u00e0 la th\u00e8se de doctorat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il existe aujourd&rsquo;hui des outils puissants pour r\u00e9pondre aux exigences croissantes des universit\u00e9s.&nbsp; Ce sont ces outils et ces m\u00e9thodes que je vais commencer \u00e0 explorer dans cet article. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cartes mentales et conceptuelles pour analyser et visualiser les concepts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aujourd&rsquo;hui, je vais vous donner un exemple issu de ma pratique d&rsquo;accompagnement des \u00e9tudiants.&nbsp; Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;\u00e9tudier un papier sur la r\u00e9solution de conflits.&nbsp; C&rsquo;est un article de <a title=\"Th\u00e8se de Paul Collier - Economic Causes of Civil Conflict and their Implications for Policy \" href=\"http:\/\/users.ox.ac.uk\/~econpco\/research\/pdfs\/EconomicCausesofCivilConflict-ImplicationsforPolicy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paul Collier<\/a> qui propose une th\u00e8se hardie : les v\u00e9ritables causes des guerres civiles ne sont pas les revendications sociales, mais des causes strictement \u00e9conomiques.&nbsp; Mon propos n&rsquo;est pas de critiquer la th\u00e8se de Paul Collier &#8211; \u00e7a, c&rsquo;est le travail de l&rsquo;\u00e9tudiante &#8211; mais de vous montrer comment on peut utiliser les outils issus de la pens\u00e9e visuelle pour mieux \u00e9tudier.&nbsp; Mieux \u00e9tudier : c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire comprendre et ensuite retenir la mati\u00e8re.&nbsp; Ce n&rsquo;est que lorsque je la ma\u00eetriserai que je serai \u00e0 m\u00eame de la critiquer&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>La structure du texte : une mindmap \u00ab\u00a0arbre droit\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;auteur structure son texte en cinq parties.&nbsp; Pour l&rsquo;illustrer, j&rsquo;ai utilis\u00e9 le logiciel de mindmapping <a title=\"Site du logiciel de mindmapping MindMaple\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mindmaple.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MindMaple<\/a>, que j&rsquo;ai d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 dans cet <a title=\"MindMaple : un logiciel de mindmapping complet pour un prix&nbsp;d\u00e9risoire\" href=\"http:\/\/atomic-temporary-10999751.wpcomstaging.com\/2012\/11\/09\/mindmaple-un-logiciel-complet-pour-un-prix-derisoire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article<\/a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; J&rsquo;ai employ\u00e9 une mindmap avec la structure \u00ab\u00a0<em>Righ Tree Class<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0.&nbsp; Voici ce que \u00e7a donne : (cliquez sur l&rsquo;image pour l&rsquo;agrandir)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/economicperspectives.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1182\" height=\"1059\" data-attachment-id=\"6373\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/it\/2013\/03\/04\/etudier-a-luniversite-cartes-mentales-et-conceptuelles\/economicperspectives\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/economicperspectives.png?fit=1182%2C1059&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1182,1059\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Economicperspectives\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Mindmap r\u00e9alis\u00e9e avec MindMaple Pro ! structure d&amp;rsquo;un texte de Paul Collier&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Structure du texte de Paul Collier&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/economicperspectives.png?fit=1024%2C917&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/economicperspectives.png?resize=1182%2C1059&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Carte mentale : illustration de la structure d'un texte par une mindmap\" class=\"wp-image-6373\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Structure du texte de Paul Collier<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La mindmap ou carte mentale est un excellent outil lorsqu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit de<em><strong> visualiser une structure<\/strong> <\/em>: et donc aussi pour analyser la structure d&rsquo;un document, d&rsquo;une pr\u00e9sentation ou d&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette carte nous permet de<em><strong> visualiser la structure du texte de Paul Collier, telle qu&rsquo;il la pr\u00e9sente lui-m\u00eame dans son introduction<\/strong><\/em> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. Cette analyse des conflits selon la perspective \u00e9conomique est bas\u00e9e sur des mod\u00e8les empiriques, observ\u00e9s pendant une p\u00e9riode qui va de 1965 \u00e0 1995.&nbsp; L&rsquo;auteur y affirme que les revendications sociales &#8211; manque de d\u00e9mocratie, divisions religieuses, in\u00e9galit\u00e9s &#8211; n&rsquo;ont aucun effet syst\u00e9matique sur les guerres civiles.&nbsp; Que par contre, les causes \u00e9conomiques &#8211; le revenu national bas, la d\u00e9pendance d&rsquo;exportations de produits de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 &#8211; ont un effet syst\u00e9matique sur les guerres civiles.&nbsp; Le facteur d\u00e9cisif est l&rsquo;opportunit\u00e9 de mobiliser des revenus afin de recruter des troupes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. Paul Collier affirme que les sociologues ne devraient pas \u00e9couter les discours publics sur les causes des guerres civiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. Il donne ensuite des preuves de ce qu&rsquo;il avance en d\u00e9crivant chaque risque de guerre civile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. Il se concentre ensuite sur chaque mod\u00e8le, examinant les conditions qui rendent les organisations rebelles viables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5. Et enfin, il examine les implications politiques des discours bas\u00e9s sur les revendications sociales.&nbsp; En n\u00e9gligeant les causes \u00e9conomiques des guerres civiles, gouvernements et communaut\u00e9 internationale ont manqu\u00e9 des opportunit\u00e9s de r\u00e9tablir la paix&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour comprendre un texte et le retenir, rien de tel que d&rsquo;en d\u00e9couvrir d&rsquo;abord la structure : pour comprendre comment les arguments s&rsquo;articulent entre eux et autour de l&rsquo;id\u00e9e principale.&nbsp; Et lorsque je lirai le texte, je saurais toujours o\u00f9 j&rsquo;en suis par rapport \u00e0 l&rsquo;ensemble : cela me permet d&rsquo;anticiper sur la suite et de pratiquer une lecture active.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>Visualiser les relations entre les concepts : la carte conceptuelle<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong><br \/><\/strong><\/span>Si la carte mentale ou mindmap est excellente pour visualiser la structure d&rsquo;un texte ou d&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me, <strong>pour montrer les relations entre les concepts d&rsquo;une th\u00e9orie, rien ne vaut la concept map ou carte conceptuelle<\/strong>.&nbsp; Celle-ci a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e avec <a title=\"Site de CmapTools, outil gratuit de cr\u00e9ation de cartes conceptuelles\" href=\"http:\/\/cmap.ihmc.us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CMapTools<\/a>, un outil gratuit dont je reparlerai bient\u00f4t, car il me semble m\u00e9connu et sous-utilis\u00e9.&nbsp; Alors qu&rsquo;il propose une s\u00e9rie d&rsquo;options tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressantes pour les \u00e9tudiants du sup\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour Collier, il y a deux grandes visions des conflits : les conceptions populaires, qui voient dans les conflits des luttes pour des revendications sociales.&nbsp; Cette vue du public est \u00e9galement influenc\u00e9es par les discours des groupes rebelles qui se positionnent comme des combattants contre l&rsquo;injustice.&nbsp; Ils entrent en comp\u00e9tition avec le gouvernement et quelquefois m\u00eame louent les services des m\u00eames agences de communication pour s&rsquo;assurer de bonnes relations publiques.&nbsp; Tandis que les \u00e9conomistes consid\u00e8rent les groupes rebelles comme des organisations criminelles qui tentent de tirer parti des opportunit\u00e9s pour gonfler leurs revenus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Illustrons tout cela avec une carte conceptuelle<\/strong> (cliquez sur l&rsquo;image pour l&rsquo;agrandir).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/differences-between-success-and-failure-in-conflicts-paul-collier-which-are-the-causes-of-failure-and-success-in-a-civil-conflict.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3172\" height=\"1897\" data-attachment-id=\"6394\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/it\/2013\/03\/04\/etudier-a-luniversite-cartes-mentales-et-conceptuelles\/differences-between-success-and-failure-in-conflicts-paul-collier-which-are-the-causes-of-failure-and-success-in-a-civil-conflict\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/differences-between-success-and-failure-in-conflicts-paul-collier-which-are-the-causes-of-failure-and-success-in-a-civil-conflict.png?fit=3172%2C1897&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"3172,1897\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Diff\u00e9rence entre causes \u00e9conomiques et revendications sociales dans les conflits civils\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Concept map : deux vues des causes des conflits civils &lt;\/p&gt;\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Carte conceptuelle : la vue populaire et l&amp;rsquo;analyse des \u00e9conomistes&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/differences-between-success-and-failure-in-conflicts-paul-collier-which-are-the-causes-of-failure-and-success-in-a-civil-conflict.png?fit=1024%2C612&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/differences-between-success-and-failure-in-conflicts-paul-collier-which-are-the-causes-of-failure-and-success-in-a-civil-conflict.png?resize=3172%2C1897&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Carte conceptuelle : relations entre les vues populaires et l'analyse des \u00e9conomistes dans la th\u00e9orie de Paul Collier\" class=\"wp-image-6394\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Carte conceptuelle : la vue populaire et l&rsquo;analyse des \u00e9conomistes<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ici, il ne s&rsquo;agit pas de montrer une structure autour d&rsquo;une id\u00e9e centrale, mais bien d&rsquo;illustrer les relations entre les concepts : 2 vues diff\u00e9rentes des causes des conflits civils, la comp\u00e9tition entre rebelles et gouvernements du point de vue du discours et des relations publiques, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>Analyser un processus : une autre carte conceptuelle<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les cartes conceptuelles sont \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressantes lorsqu&rsquo;ils s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;analyser un processus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Paul Collier me donne l&rsquo;occasion d&rsquo;illustrer cette capacit\u00e9 des concept maps : il d\u00e9crit comment les th\u00e9ories bas\u00e9es sur les revendications sociales expliquent les difficult\u00e9s de la contre-insurrection.&nbsp; Pour les tenants de ces th\u00e9ories, il est tr\u00e8s difficile de lutter contre la r\u00e9bellion.&nbsp; Dans de nombreux cas, le gouvernement fait appel \u00e0 l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e.&nbsp; Pour encourager cette derni\u00e8re, le gouvernement offre des \u00ab\u00a0incentives\u00a0\u00bb.&nbsp; Pour recevoir davantage de r\u00e9compenses, les soldats se livrent \u00e0 des atrocit\u00e9s, voire suscitent eux-m\u00eames des actes de rebellions qu&rsquo;ils font ensuite semblant de mater.&nbsp; C&rsquo;est la spirale ascendante dont il est difficile de sortir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voici ce processus illustr\u00e9 par une carte conceptuelle : (cliquez sur l&rsquo;image pour l&rsquo;agrandir).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/difficulties-of-counter-insugency.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1927\" height=\"1963\" data-attachment-id=\"6397\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/format30.com\/it\/2013\/03\/04\/etudier-a-luniversite-cartes-mentales-et-conceptuelles\/difficulties-of-counter-insugency\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/difficulties-of-counter-insugency.png?fit=1927%2C1963&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1927,1963\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Difficulties of Counter-Insugency\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Concept map : les difficult\u00e9s de la contre-insurrection selon les th\u00e9ories des revendications sociales&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Concept map : les difficult\u00e9s de la contre-insurrection&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/difficulties-of-counter-insugency.png?fit=1005%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/format30.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/difficulties-of-counter-insugency.png?resize=1927%2C1963&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Cartes mentales et conceptuelles : une concept map pour illustrer les difficult\u00e9s de la contre-insurrection selon Paul Collier\" class=\"wp-image-6397\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Concept map : les difficult\u00e9s de la contre-insurrection<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le trajet des fl\u00e8ches et la r\u00e9troaction atrocit\u00e9s-revendications-r\u00e9bellion montre bien le caract\u00e8re syst\u00e9mique de la difficult\u00e9 de lutter contre les insurrections dans les th\u00e9ories bas\u00e9es sur la revendication sociale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cartes mentales et conceptuelles : deux outils pour deux usages<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avec deux outils diff\u00e9rents, mais tout deux issus de la pens\u00e9e visuelle, les cartes mentales et conceptuelles, nous avons pu d\u00e9gager la structure du texte et illustrer quelques-uns de ses concepts-cl\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans d&rsquo;autres articles je reviens sur ces outils ou sur d&rsquo;autres, comme les cartes argumentaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Et vous : connaissez-vous ces outils ?&nbsp; Les avez-vous exp\u00e9riment\u00e9s ?&nbsp; Ou en utilisez-vous d&rsquo;autres ?&nbsp; Lesquels ?&nbsp; Comment fonctionnent-ils ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>Vous avez aim\u00e9 cet article ?&nbsp; Inscrivez-vous \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.getrevue.co\/profile\/formation3_0\">notre newsletter<\/a> e non perdere mai un articolo o un evento!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comment les \u00e9tudiants du sup\u00e9rieur et de l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 peuvent-ils utiliser les cartes mentales et conceptuelles ?  Quelques exemples dans cet article.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7601135,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12205887],"tags":[169295,3867,151240609,18623673,5505528,603229,775357449,40471,48474,81255,17729,39849,26192,41777642,44938,15135484,114245,71028277,775357425,2047098,48808062,902420,11522,25716,130314],"class_list":["post-36155","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-apprendre-a-apprendre","tag-analyser","tag-article","tag-etudier-a-luniversite","tag-cartes-conceptuelles","tag-cartes-mentales","tag-cmaptools","tag-concept-map","tag-concepts","tag-conflict-resolution","tag-cours","tag-document","tag-francophones","tag-liens","tag-logiciel-de-mindmapping","tag-matiere","tag-mieux-apprendre","tag-mindmap","tag-mindmaple","tag-mindmapping","tag-paul-collier","tag-pensee-visuelle","tag-processus","tag-relations","tag-structure","tag-universite"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cartes mentales et conceptuelles \u00e0 l&#039;universit\u00e9 - Formation 3.0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cartes mentales et conceptuelles. 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