{"id":532,"date":"2010-01-23T13:51:23","date_gmt":"2010-01-23T12:51:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/format30.com\/?p=532"},"modified":"2010-01-29T20:54:41","modified_gmt":"2010-01-29T19:54:41","slug":"opel-une-fermeture-previsible-et-apres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/format30.com\/pt\/2010\/01\/23\/opel-une-fermeture-previsible-et-apres\/","title":{"rendered":"Opel : une fermeture pr\u00e9visible. Et apr\u00e8s ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tremblement de terre !\u00a0 Coup de tonnerre !\u00a0 Catastrophe !<\/strong><\/span> Les m\u00e9taphores vont bon train…<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Pour avoir coordonn\u00e9 la cellule de reconversion Sabena de Charleroi <\/strong>et celle des Cokeries d’Anderlues<\/strong>, je sais ce que les fermetures et les licenciements collectifs peuvent engendrer comme souffrance, comme d\u00e9sespoir, comme solidarit\u00e9s aussi entre travailleurs d’une m\u00eame entreprise et avec les autres…\u00a0 Dans les deux cas, les d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s syndicaux ont accompli un travail remarquable avec sens de l’engagement que j’ai rarement vu ailleurs\u00a0 (sauf peut-\u00eatre chez les pompiers avec qui j’ai \u00e9galement travaill\u00e9 et dont l’\u00e9thique du service va jusqu’au don de sa vie pour sauver celle des autres).<\/p>\n

Mais, contrairement aux tremblements de terre – Ha\u00efti nous le rappelle brutalement – la fermeture d’Opel Anvers n’avait rien de soudain et d’impr\u00e9visible.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Un secteur en pleine restructuration<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Avec une surproduction de 20-30 % le secteur automobile doit se restructurer, c’est in\u00e9vitable.\u00a0\u00a0 Qu’il le fasse avec un tel cynisme et une telle brutalit\u00e9 n’a rien de nouveau non plus, h\u00e9las…<\/p>\n

Les fusions et acquisitions massives du secteur en t\u00e9moignent : ne survivront –\u00a0 selon le tr\u00e8s m\u00e9diatique patron de Fiat, Sergio Marchione<\/a> – que deux g\u00e9ants europ\u00e9ens du secteur<\/strong><\/em>, capables de produire plusieurs millions de v\u00e9hicules par an.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

La mondialisation en action<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Opel fait partie de General Motors, le g\u00e9ant am\u00e9ricain frapp\u00e9 de plein fouet par la crise bancaire autant que par la r\u00e9cession du secteur automobile.\u00a0 On l’a suffisamment soulign\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias : les centres de d\u00e9cisions sont ailleurs et, pour les d\u00e9cideurs de Detroit ou de Pekin (d\u00e9sormais propri\u00e9taire de Volvo !)\u00a0 les travailleurs belges ne sont que des chiffres qu’il faut d\u00e9graisser dans les rapports aux actionnaires…<\/p>\n

Ce gigantisme et cette dispersion des centres de d\u00e9cision posent de nouvelles questions auxquelles il ne sera pas facile de r\u00e9pondre.\u00a0 Les industriels savent qu’\u00e0 partir d’une certaine taille, ils dictent leurs lois aux \u00e9tats.\u00a0 Quel est le politicien qui prendra la risque d’un licenciement de plusieurs milliers de personnes en d\u00e9plaisant \u00e0 un tel g\u00e9ant ?<\/p>\n

Le cadre national est compl\u00e8tement d\u00e9pass\u00e9 avec de tels acteurs :\u00a0 certaines multinationales disposent d’un patrimoine sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la richesse nationale de petits pays.<\/p>\n

On a beaucoup critiqu\u00e9 les politiques dans la presse ces derniers jours, en soulignant leur manque de vue \u00e0 long terme, etc.\u00a0 Mais, jusqu’\u00e0 nouvel ordre, ces politiques ne font pas partie des conseils d’administration de ces entreprises.\u00a0 Elles, elles connaissent leur secteur.\u00a0 Elles savaient qu’elles allaient \u00eatre confront\u00e9es \u00e0 ces probl\u00e8mes.\u00a0 Elles ont choisi de ne rien faire, de continuer \u00e0 produire en d\u00e9pit de la baisse de la demande.\u00a0 En confiant aux politiques et aux syndicats la t\u00e2che de g\u00e9rer la casse humaine.\u00a0 Une fois de plus, on a privatis\u00e9 les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices et socialis\u00e9 les pertes…<\/p>\n

\n

Une solution europ\u00e9enne ?<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

L’Europe est une mosa\u00efque d’int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9conomiques contradictoires : la diversit\u00e9 des peuples et des langues est peut-\u00eatre une richesse culturelle, mais d’un point de vue \u00e9conomique, les \u00e9go\u00efsmes nationaux sont une catastrophe.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ang\u00e9la Merkel a pes\u00e9 de toute son influence pour limiter la casse en Allemagne – rien ne dit \u00e0 l’heure o\u00f9 j’\u00e9cris qu’elle y parviendra dans le long terme – Nicolas Sarkozy veut limiter les aides aux industries qui produisent fran\u00e7ais en France…<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il n’y a pas plus d’unit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique europ\u00e9enne qu’il n’y a de communaut\u00e9 de pens\u00e9e – et d’int\u00e9r\u00eat – en mati\u00e8re militaire ou politique en-dehors de la zone Euro – et encore, celle-ci est menac\u00e9e par les difficult\u00e9s de pays comme la Gr\u00e8ce dont la dette explose litt\u00e9ralement…<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’Europe est dans une phase d\u00e9licate : elle entre dans une nouvelle \u00e8re r\u00e9gie par le Trait\u00e9 de Lisbonne.\u00a0 Les d\u00e9cisions importantes devraient se prendre plus facilement qu’auparavant quand la majorit\u00e9 \u00e9tait requise pour prendre la moindre initiative.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais, en \u00e9lisant un Pr\u00e9sident permanent – Herman van Rompuy – tout en laissant un pr\u00e9sident tournant tous les six mois, elle a brouill\u00e9 les pistes et les institutions europ\u00e9ennes sont moins lisibles que jamais pour le citoyen.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Elle poursuit son \u00e9largissement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 vers l’Est \u00e0 un rythme que ni les citoyens, ni l’\u00e9conomie ne sont en mesure de soutenir.\u00a0 Il faut \u00e9largir si on veut que le bloc europ\u00e9en p\u00e8se suffisamment devant les nouveaux g\u00e9ants \u00e9conomiques comme la Chine et le Br\u00e9sil.\u00a0 Mais pour l’instant, les institutions europ\u00e9ennes elles-m\u00eames ne sont pas taill\u00e9es pour un ensemble si \u00e9norme et si disparate.\u00a0 Il est donc urgent de se doter des outils n\u00e9cessaires pour \u00e9largir… avant d’\u00e9largir encore.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il est donc vain d’attendre une solution rapide et toute faite de l’Europe.\u00a0 D’autant que les r\u00e8gles qui la r\u00e9gissent sont celles du libre-\u00e9change int\u00e9gral, du march\u00e9 le plus d\u00e9r\u00e9gul\u00e9 possible, avec une concurrence maximale…<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e9placement du centre de gravit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Aux 19e et 20e si\u00e8cle, la Belgique \u00e9tait un petit pays dot\u00e9 d’une main d’oeuvre bon march\u00e9 et qualifi\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A la fin du 20e si\u00e8cle, la mondialisation a chang\u00e9 la donne et la main d’oeuvre bon march\u00e9 se trouvait surtout en Asie, l’avantage comparatif de la Belgique r\u00e9sidant dans la qualification \u00e9lev\u00e9e de sa main d’oeuvre.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce n’est plus vrai aujourd’hui : nos enseignements professionnels et techniques sont dans un \u00e9tat lamentable, le financement des \u00e9tudes d\u00e9pend d’une Communaut\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise exsangue, quant \u00e0 nos universit\u00e9s, elles forment des cohortes d’\u00e9tudiants en sciences humaines alors que nos entreprises manquent cruellement d’ing\u00e9nieurs, de techniciens et de scientifiques.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les performances de nos \u00e9tudiants en sciences, selon le rapport PISA<\/a>, nous placent toujours au-dessus de la moyenne de l’OCDE, mais derri\u00e8re respectivement : l<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>a Finlande, le Canada, le Japon, la Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande,\u00a0 Hong-Kong (Chine), le Taipei chinois, l\u2019Estonie, l\u2019Australie, les Pays-Bas, la Cor\u00e9e, l\u2019Allemagne, le Royaume-Uni, la R\u00e9publique Tch\u00e8que, la Suisse, l\u2019Autriche…<\/p>\n

\n

\n

\n

Sur ces 15 pays qui nous pr\u00e9c\u00e8dent, 4 sont asiatiques et deux issus de l’ancien bloc de l’Est.\u00a0 Dans un article sur un autre blog<\/a>, je parlais de la croissance exponentielle des \u00e9tudiants asiatiques dans les universit\u00e9s am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n

Jean-Yves Huart <\/a>dans un article r\u00e9cent souligne que la croissance \u00e9conomique chinoise\u00a0 est plus rapide que pr\u00e9vue et que la Chine, \u00e0 ce rythme, deviendra la premi\u00e8re puissance \u00e9conomique mondiale <\/strong>non pas en 2040 ou 2050, mais en 2020, dans 10 ans !<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le monde de 2020 ne ressemblera plus \u00e0 celui que nous connaissons.\u00a0 Le club des pays d\u00e9cideur comprendra des pays comme la Chine ou le Br\u00e9sil.\u00a0\u00a0 O\u00f9 sera l’Europe ?
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Une r\u00e9volution culturelle<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ce dont la Wallonie, la Belgique et l’Europe ont besoin, c’est d’une vraie r\u00e9volution culturelle.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il faut avoir le courage de ne pas soutenir artificiellement, \u00e0 grands renforts de subsides publics, des secteurs condamn\u00e9s, comme les usines d’assemblage, \u00e0 faible valeur ajout\u00e9e.\u00a0 Mais quel politique belge ou europ\u00e9en aura ce courage ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il faut investir massivement dans les sciences, dans la technologie, dans les services de pointe. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il faut investir encore davantage dans l’\u00e9ducation de nos jeunes et leur donner une chance de r\u00e9ussir dans un monde de plus en plus globalis\u00e9 et de moins en moins occidental…<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il faut une r\u00e9volution culturelle.\u00a0 Pas demain.\u00a0 MAINTENANT !<\/strong><\/em><\/span>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Tremblement de terre !\u00a0 Coup de tonnerre !\u00a0 Catastrophe ! 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